Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a type of malformation of cortical development that primarily affects areas of neocortex. Providing automated procedures to detect FCD lesions is greatly desirable because visual diagnosis is often challenging, time consuming, and relies highly on the individual's expertise. 2018 Jul;84:127-134. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.04.005. We studied nine cases of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) by MRI, with surface-rendered 3D reconstructions. In the 2005 revision of the Barkovich classification [], a new type of malformation of cortical development was proposed: bottom-of-sulcus dysplasia.This type of focal cortical dysplasia is classified in the group of malformations caused by abnormal proliferation: focal cortical dysplasia with balloon cells. Focal cortical dysplasia is marked by cortical architectural abnormalities secondary to disruptions of cortical development Most patients clinically present with epilepsy and in a subset of pharmacoresistent cases, surgery may be employed in an attempt to control the seizures Absence of a MRI‐visible lesion necessitates additional diagnostic tests and is a predictor of poor surgical outcome. 1. Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a condition that often interferes with the cranial mass. Knowledge of focal cortical dysplasia magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics is of utmost importance for diagnosis. The most common type of cortical dysplasia is focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). The pathologic features of re-sected specimens are identical to those of any focal cortical dysplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed the MR images of 14 patients with FCD, which was confirmed with histologic examination. There are three types of FCD recognized [1]. There is focal cortical thickening and a relatively poorly defined transition between gray and white matter, seen in the left frontal lobe on axial and coronal scans, in this 18 month old with intractable seizures. The aim of this study was to identify the MR features of histologic subtypes of FCD that would be useful for differential diagnosis. The patient went on to have a craniotomy and resection. It is one of the most common causes of epilepsy. 1 INTRODUCTION. It can be identified on conventional magnetic resonance imaging as focal cortical thickening, abnormal gyration, and blurring between gray and white matter, often associated with clusters of heterotopic neurons. There are currently three main types recognized, based on their histological appearances. They may represent incorporated cortical neurofibromas, be true nonossifying fibromas, or represent foci of mesenchymal dysplasia (, 11). Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the most frequent malformation for patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy that require surgical treatment. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) covers a spectrum of conditions in which the neuropathologic and electroclinic presentations and the surgical outcomes vary. The gyri affected by FCD were enlarged and the signal of the cortex was slightly increased on T1-weighted images. Findings in the current patient is in conformity with focal cortical dysplasia of the right frontal lobe. Authors: Val M. Runge, MD. puter-assisted diagnosis of focal cortical dys-plasia can be a valuable technique [5–10]. 1 Typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of FCD type II include cortical thickening, blurring of gray‐white matter junction, hyperintense signal on T2 or fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, and the … Epub 2018 May 21. Cortical dysplasia can encompass any part of the brain, can vary in extent and location; And may even be focal or multifocal (occupying several distinct areas of the brain) (Kabat & Król, 2012). What is Focal Cortical Dysplasia? Epilepsy Behav. Focal cortical dysplasia is a disorder of cortical formation, which may demonstrate both architectural and proliferative features, and a frequent cause of epilepsy. Cortical dysplasias are malformations of brain development that are highly epileptogenic. Cortical dysplasia occurs when the top layer of the brain does not form properly. Routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was initially considered normal, though high-resolution studies showed possible subtle dysplasia of the right frontal lobe. PURPOSE: To clarify the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). One case was also examined using single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy (MRS). 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