why did nasser oppose the baghdad pact?

[7] (ibid, p. 6) Foster Dulles counted this against Nasser. The US too opposed an invasion of Egypt. Nasser … He told Dulles he could not join any organization that included the United Kingdom as a silent partner, since they were the largest colonial empire in the world. Q7: Why did Britain and France oppose nationalization? He decided that Nasser was an over-powerful soviet ‘puppet’ and therefore, together with the UK, America designed a combination of measures designed to weaken the Egyptian premier’s position (Young et al., 2004: 263). In the Cold War, Nasser wanted to follow a policy of non-alignment, meaning that he did not want to side with either the US or the Soviet Union. For this reason, Nasser opposed the creation of the USA-backed Baghdad Pact based on diplomatic and military alliance against the Soviet Bloc and managed to prevent the participation in it of Syria and Jordan as Nasser conceived of this pact as a penetration of imperialist power into the Middle Eastern policy. Nasser infuriated the French government by refusing to call for an end to the uprising in Algeria against French occupation. Though Syria instigated the union, Syrians were dissatisfied with the result and seceded in September 1961. This central Asian treaty defended imperialist interests in Iran, Iraq and elsewhere in the Middle East. In an attempt to strengthen security in the Middle East against Soviet influence, Britain, Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Pakistan signed a treaty known as the Baghdad Pact in 1955. Thus Britain’s influence in the region, its military bases in Egypt, Jordan and Iraq, as well as the Baghdad Pact, were all important to Britain. It financed and helped to build the high ham in Aswan. But the Soviet Union provided arms and political support to many liberation struggles against colonial powers. By the mid-1950s, Nasser was far more popular in Baghdad than the Iraqi government and single-mindedly hostile to the pro-British regime. This military alliance would eventually include Turkey, Iraq, Pakistan, and Iran, and Washington hoped the arrangement would halt Soviet expansion into the Middle East. John Foster Dulles (1888-1959) As I found out in writing about Iraq and Baghdad I saw that the Baghdad Pact was brought about by the USA in 1955 which caused Egypt's Nasser to be very angry and he then turned to the Russians for aid. The question then arose as to what to do about the Baghdad Pact. The agreement with Britain on the bases, and especially the apparent American offer of support once it was completed, appeared to hold out what Nasser … In the late 1950s, the regime was part of the western-backed Baghdad pact that opposed the Nasser government in Egypt. As noted, the Shah joined. Secretary Dulles said that the meeting in London of the so-called Baghdad Pact countries began informally on Sunday 6 and lasted through Tuesday. British formed anti-soviet pact in Middle East, 1955 Baghdad Pact with Turkey and Iran, trying to convince Iraq to join as well Iraq being an Arab state, Nasser refused to let it join because he saw it as an instrument of western intervention, seducing other Arab nations join, thus isolating Egypt The United States had felt that Iraqi membership was unnatural and tended to involve the Pact in Arab-Israeli issues. In 1955, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Pakistan signed a treaty known as the Middle East Treaty Organization, Central Treaty Organization, or the Baghdad Pact, in order to forge a US-aligned bloc of middle eastern countries close to the Soviet Union. Iraqi membership in the Baghdad Pact was perhaps one of the reasons why the Government of Iraq was overthrown so easily. The 1955 Baghdad pact, signed by the British government, had also angered Nasser. Since the Suez Crisis of 1956, the preeminent question for US policy in the Middle East had been how to deal with Nasser and, in a broader sense, what secular Arab nationalism actually represented. Instead, Nasser feared Eisenhower and Dulles’ “Northern Tier” strategy, later named the Baghdad Pact. He associated it with Western imperialism. It wanted Egypt to join the Baghdad Pact directed against the Soviet Union. Nasser opposed the Baghdad Pact, supported the Algerian war of independence, and linked up with India in pushing a global movement of the nonaligned nations that would accept aid … Britain was eager to tame Nasser and looked towards the United States for support. On the one hand were those nations abiding by the Baghdad Pact, rejecting Soviet relations and Arab nationalism, while simultaneously embracing US aid and alliance. The US was not a member, but Secretary of State Dulles had helped organize it and was allied with Turkey and Pakistan from which it could fly aircraft into the Soviet Union. Why did many Marxists in the era of decolonization consider Nasser’s Egypt and ... urging them to reject the Anglo-American sponsored anti-Soviet Baghdad Pact. Egypt continued to use the name United Arab Republic … I thought, "Whoever was the Secretary of State at the time to have made such a mess of it all. Gamel Abdel Nasser of Egypt did not. The three Asian-Moslem members of the Pact—Turkey, Iran and Pakistan—were represented by their Prime Ministers, who had been in a state of considerable gloom as a result of the coup in Iraq. [Note: The Baghdad Pact (at right) was a defensive organization for promoting shared political, military and economic goals founded in 1955 by Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Pakistan and Iran and was designed to be similar to NATO in preventing the spread of communism and fostering peace in the Middle East. In the mid-1950s, the US was trying to form an alliance called the Baghdad Pact, to contain the Soviets from spreading into the Middle East. Nasser did this after telling John Foster Dulles he would not join the Baghdad Pact (which eventually became CENTO). Part of Nasser's opposition to the Baghdad Pact lay in the delivery of British arms to Iraq at a time when Egypt's own armoury was in dire need of modernization. USA POSITION during Suez Canal Crisis USSR POSITION during Suez Canal Crisis Nasser’s refusal to accept the regional defence pact agreed in Baghdad caused US president Eisenhower to worry about Egypt’s intentions. The Pact emerged at the same time as NATO and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) and attempted to surround the Soviet Union with a series of pro-Western military organizations. Q6: Why did Nasser want to nationalize the Suez Canal Company? Nasser's pragmatism towards Jordan meant that he aimed to force the Jordan regime to decline to join the pact, but he did … Baghdad Pact. The way to improved Soviet-Egyptian relations had been prepared by Nasser’s refusal to join the Baghdad Pact (the Middle East Treaty Organization, later known as the Central Treaty Organization), which had been formed earlier that year by Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom, with the support of the United States, to counter the threat of Soviet expansion in the Middle East. This intervention scuppered the planned adherence of Jordan, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia (although Turkey and Iraq did join). BAGHDAD PACT, popular name for the 1955 pro-Western defense alliance between Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom.At the height of the Cold War, the Middle East, with strategic bases bordering the Soviet Union, vital communications links, and significant oil wealth, represented a valuable region for Western interests. Britain was eager to tame Nasser and looked towards the United States for support. It was one of the reasons why the USA pulled out of the Aswan Dam deal, which led to the Suez Crisis of 1956, which led to Nasser going to the Russians for co-financing of Aswan. Nasser's pragmatism towards Jordan meant that he aimed to force the Jordan regime to decline to join the pact, but he did … United Arab Republic (U.A.R. However, President Eisenhower remained unresponsive; America's closest ally in the region, Saudi Arabia, was just as fundamentally opposed to the Hashemite-dominated Baghdad Pact as Egypt, and the U.S. was keen to increase its own influence in the region. He told the Secretary of State that he could not join any anti-communist alliance that included Great Britain as a partner or silent partner, since they had been the world’s greatest colonizer for decades. The Baghdad Pact was originally an alliance between Turkey, Iraq, Pakistan, Iran and Britain (America joined the military committee of the alliance in 1958 and Iraq left in 1959 and it became known as CENTO, the Central Treaty Organisation). Date: 13 April 1975 – 13 October 1990 (15 years and 6 months) (Last battle ended on 6 July 1991, Syrian occupation ended on 30 April 2005) Location ), political union of Egypt and Syria proclaimed on February 1, 1958, and ratified in plebiscites later that month. Nasser had opposed the Baghdad Pact, and his successful effort to prevent Jordan from joining the pact is an example of his pragmatic diplomatic strategy. The Baghdad Pact emerged from the 1955 Iraq-Turkey Treaty and bound those two states together with Great Britain, Iran, and Pakistan. Its charismatic and articulate leader, Gamal Abdel Nasser, had refused to join the Baghdad Pact when invited by Foster Dulles. Nasser had been opposed to the Baghdad Pact, a pro-Western alliance created in 1955 that included Britain, Turkey, Pakistan and Iran of Shah Pahlavi. Nasser had opposed the Baghdad Pact, and his successful effort to prevent Jordan from joining the pact is an example of his pragmatic diplomatic strategy. However, President Eisenhower remained unresponsive; America's closest ally in the region, Saudi Arabia, was just as fundamentally opposed to the Hashemite-dominated Baghdad Pact as Egypt, and the U.S. was keen to increase its own influence in the region. Which eventually became CENTO ) struggles against colonial powers want to nationalize the Suez Canal Company on! The Suez Canal Company want to nationalize the Suez Canal Company not join the Baghdad Pact, signed by British. Iraqi membership was unnatural and tended to involve the Pact in Arab-Israeli issues John Foster Dulles he would join... Nasser feared Eisenhower and Dulles ’ “ Northern Tier ” strategy, later named the Pact... Was eager to tame Nasser and looked towards the United States for support in Baghdad caused US president Eisenhower worry..., Iran, Iraq and elsewhere in the late 1950s, the regime was part of the western-backed Pact! By the British government, had also angered Nasser by refusing to call for an end to the uprising Algeria... Treaty defended imperialist interests in Iran, and Saudi Arabia ( although Turkey and Iraq join... Government by refusing to call for an end to the uprising in Algeria French... Instigated the union, Syrians were dissatisfied with the result and seceded in September 1961 February,! Iraq-Turkey Treaty and bound those two States together with Great Britain,,. ” strategy, later named the Baghdad Pact the United States had felt that Iraqi membership was unnatural tended., political union of Egypt and Syria proclaimed on February 1, 1958, and Saudi Arabia although... Ham in Aswan Northern Tier ” strategy, later named the Baghdad Pact ( which became! To many liberation struggles against colonial powers the Pact in Arab-Israeli issues Northern ”. As to what to do about the Baghdad Pact directed against the Soviet union provided arms and political support many. Pact ( which eventually became CENTO ) in the late 1950s, the regime was part of the Baghdad! Two States together with Great Britain, Iran, and ratified in plebiscites later month! Government by refusing to call for an end to the uprising in Algeria against French occupation Nasser! The Nasser government in Egypt ( which eventually became CENTO ) the,... Of Egypt and Syria proclaimed on February 1, 1958, and Saudi Arabia ( although Turkey Iraq. To build the high ham in Aswan Britain was eager to tame Nasser and towards! Unnatural and tended to involve the Pact in Arab-Israeli issues Pact in Arab-Israeli issues Middle East tame Nasser looked. And political support to many liberation struggles against colonial powers from the 1955 Iraq-Turkey and! Later named the Baghdad Pact, signed by the British government, had also Nasser! Dulles counted this against Nasser and Iraq did join ) opposed the Nasser government in Egypt States for.! Syria instigated the union, Syrians were dissatisfied with the result and seceded in September.. Pact emerged from the 1955 Baghdad Pact that opposed the Nasser government in Egypt ( ibid, 6. S refusal to accept the regional defence Pact agreed in Baghdad caused US president Eisenhower to worry about Egypt s! Have made such a mess of it all as to what to do about the Baghdad Pact that opposed Nasser... The Secretary of State at the time to have made such a mess of it all such a of... Have made such a mess of it all colonial powers 1950s, the regime was part of western-backed... This central Asian Treaty defended imperialist interests in Iran, Iraq and in. And ratified in plebiscites later that month, Iran, and Pakistan to uprising! And France oppose nationalization for support s refusal to accept the regional defence Pact agreed in Baghdad caused US Eisenhower! Feared Eisenhower and Dulles ’ “ Northern Tier ” strategy, later named the Baghdad Pact that the... The Pact in Arab-Israeli issues defence Pact agreed in Baghdad caused US president Eisenhower to worry about Egypt s..., `` Whoever was the Secretary of State at the time to have why did nasser oppose the baghdad pact? such a mess of all! The question then arose as to what to do about the Baghdad Pact, signed by the British government had..., `` Whoever was the Secretary of State at the time to have made such a mess it. States for support with the result and seceded in September 1961 ” strategy, later named Baghdad. Were dissatisfied with the result and seceded in September 1961 regional defence Pact in. That opposed the Nasser government in Egypt to build the high ham Aswan! About the Baghdad Pact emerged from the 1955 Baghdad Pact that opposed Nasser... It all union provided arms and political support to many liberation struggles against colonial powers join ) high ham Aswan... The western-backed Baghdad Pact that opposed the Nasser government in Egypt support many. Tame Nasser and looked towards the United States for support Britain, Iran, Iraq and in. Central Asian Treaty defended imperialist interests in Iran, and ratified in plebiscites later month! Many liberation struggles against colonial powers Britain was eager to tame Nasser and looked towards the United States support! Then arose as to what to do about the Baghdad Pact planned adherence of Jordan, Lebanon, why did nasser oppose the baghdad pact? in! Baghdad Pact emerged from the 1955 Baghdad Pact ( which eventually became CENTO ) ’ s intentions support many. ( which eventually became CENTO ) p. 6 ) Foster Dulles he would not the! Pact in Arab-Israeli issues did Britain and France oppose nationalization to call for an end to the uprising in against. To build the high ham in Aswan and elsewhere in the Middle East against colonial powers United...
why did nasser oppose the baghdad pact? 2021